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	HMMER profil-sökning	Kryo-EM-rekonstruktion
Ämnesområde	Bioinformatik	Bioinformatik
Familj	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ursprungsår	1994	1975
Upphovsperson	Sean Eddy	Joachim Frank
Typ	Probabilistic sequence search pipeline	Image reconstruction pipeline
Ursprungskälla	Krogh, A., Brown, M., Mian, I. S., Sjölander, K., & Haussler, D. (1994). Hidden Markov models in computational biology: applications to protein modeling. Journal of Molecular Biology, 235(5), 1501-1531.	Frank, J. (2002). Single-particle imaging of macromolecules by cryo-electron microscopy. Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure, 31, 303-319.
Alias	profile-hidden Markov model, HMM profile search, HMMER	cryo-electron microscopy, cryo-EM, single-particle cryo-EM
Närliggande	3	3
Sammanfattning	HMMER profile search identifies distant protein sequence homologs using probabilistic models of protein families, known as profile Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Developed by Eddy and colleagues, this method captures sequence variation patterns within protein families and detects homologs with far greater sensitivity than position-weight matrices or pairwise alignment.	Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) determines three-dimensional macromolecular structures at atomic or near-atomic resolution by imaging proteins frozen in vitreous ice. Pioneered by Frank, Henderson, and others, this technique has revolutionized structural biology by enabling visualization of large, non-crystallizable complexes and capturing functional conformational states.