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	GCTA	LD Block Analysis
Ämnesområde	Genetik	Genetik
Familj	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ursprungsår	2011	2002
Upphovsperson	Jian Yang & Peter Visscher	Shaun Gabriel & Eric Lander
Typ	Computational analysis tool	Haplotype analysis method
Ursprungskälla	Yang, J., Lee, S. H., Goddard, M. E., & Visscher, P. M. (2011). GCTA: A tool for genome-wide complex trait analysis. American Journal of Human Genetics, 88(1), 76–82.	Gabriel, S. B., Schaffner, S. F., Nguyen, H., Moore, J. M., Roy, J., Blumenstiel, B., & Lander, E. S. (2002). The structure of haplotype blocks in the human genome. Science, 296(5576), 2225–2229.
Alias	GREML, Genome-wide complex trait analysis, Heritability estimation	Haplotype block analysis, LD mapping, Block structure analysis
Närliggande	4	5
Sammanfattning	GCTA (Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis) is a computational toolkit for estimating heritability and genetic correlations from genome-wide genotype and phenotype data. Developed by Yang and Visscher in 2011, GCTA uses genome-wide restricted maximum likelihood (GREML) to partition phenotypic variance into components explained by common SNPs, environmental factors, and residual variation. GCTA has become a standard tool for understanding the proportion of trait variation attributable to genetics across complex diseases and quantitative traits.	Linkage disequilibrium (LD) block analysis is a genomic method that partitions the human genome into distinct haplotype blocks—regions of limited recombination where variants are in strong statistical association. First systematically described by Gabriel and colleagues in 2002, this approach reveals the underlying structure of genetic variation and enables efficient genomic studies by reducing the number of variants needed to capture common diversity. LD block analysis forms the foundation of genome-wide association study (GWAS) design and modern population genetics.