ScholarGate
Откриј
BibliotekaMoja bibliotekaСтоПретходна провераReview StudioAsistent
Радни простор
Uporedi
Izgradite svoju biblioteku

Čuvajte metode, uređujte kolekcije i nosite ih na svoj sto.

Направи налог
Biblioteka
 / Прегледај
Prijavite se
Библиотека

Истражите науку по методи, области и доказима.

Један каталог истраживачких метода — сазнајте како свака ради, када се користи и шта не може.

6,477 метода11 области7 породица метода40 језика
Атлас наукеМапирајте структуру науке пре него што је употребите.Области · методе · доказни путевиИстражите мапу
ОбластHealth & Medicine716Psychology570Business & Finance410Engineering330Life Sciences263Education261Research Practice
ScholarGate

Referentna biblioteka istraživačkih metoda usmerena na sadržaj — šta je svaka metoda, kako funkcioniše i odakle potiče.

Otvoreni podaci (CC-BY)

Откриј

  • Biblioteka
  • Pretražite metode…
  • Pregled po oblastima
  • Oblasti
  • Put
  • Uporedi
  • Koja metoda?

Референца

  • Области
  • Атлас
  • Rečnik pojmova
  • Методологија
  • Филозофија

Радни простор

  • Moja biblioteka
  • Сто
  • Ћаскање

Компанија

  • O nama
  • Цене
  • Kontakt
  • Predložite metodu

Stavke su sastavljene iz objavljenih izvora radi referentne upotrebe. Provera tačnosti i prikladnosti svake informacije za vaše potrebe ostaje vaša odgovornost.

© 2026 ScholarGate · Referentna biblioteka istraživačkih metoda
  • Privatnost
  • Kolačići
  • Uslovi korišćenja
  • Избриши налог
248
Natural Sciences236
Social Sciences185
Environment & Sustainability160
Law30
МетодаStatistika1,836VI i mašinsko učenje1,661Nauke o odlučivanju932Istraživačke metode1,354Merenje1,745Kauzalnost i dokazi532Istraživačka praksa118
249 метода у области Health & Medicine · Kauzalnost i dokaziОчисти
Методе на пресеку ваша два филтера.
СортирајПопуларностА–ШШ–АНајновије
implementation science

Fidelity Scale

Fidelity of Implementation refers to the degree to which an evidence-based practice or intervention is delivered as originally designed and intended. The Fidelity of Implementation Scale (or fidelity assessment framework) operationalizes this concept by specifying the core components of an intervention, defining each c

2 извора2007
health outcomes

FIQ

The FIQ is the most widely used patient-reported outcome measure for fibromyalgia disease burden. Developed by Cynthia Burckhardt and colleagues in 1991, this 10-item questionnaire quantifies how fibromyalgia affects physical function, work capacity, depression, anxiety, sleep, pain, and fatigue. The revised version (F

3 извора1991
public health nutrition

FWQ

The FWQ is a self-report questionnaire assessing pregnant women's subjective perception of fetal wellbeing, maternal physical and emotional health, and prenatal bonding. Developed by DiPietro and colleagues studying fetal development and maternal-fetal attachment, the FWQ captures non-clinical dimensions of pregnancy e

2 извора2008
speech language pathology

GRBAS Voice Perceptual Scale

The GRBAS Scale (Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain) is a clinician-rated perceptual assessment tool for classifying voice quality across five distinct vocal dimensions. Developed by Hirano in 1981, GRBAS provides a standardized language for voice clinicians and physicians to describe dysphonia characteris

3 извора1981
healthcare management

HCAHPS Hospital Consumer Assessment Survey

The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) is a 27-item, CMS-mandated patient experience survey administered to a random sample of hospital inpatients after discharge. Launched in 2006 by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality,

3 извора2006
public health nutrition

HDDS

The HDDS is a simple, 12-item food group checklist that captures the diversity of the household diet in the preceding 24 hours. Developed by the FAO in 2011 as a proxy indicator of dietary quality and nutrient adequacy, the HDDS enables rapid assessment of the nutritional vulnerability of households in resource-limited

1 извор2011
health informatics

Health App Usability Scale

The System Usability Scale (SUS) is a rapid, validated tool for measuring perceived usability of digital products, widely adapted for health applications. Developed by John Brooke in 1996 and extensively validated by Bangor and colleagues, the 10-item SUS generates a single composite score reflecting users' subjective

2 извора1996
health behavior

Health Belief Model Scale

The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a foundational psychological framework developed by Marshall Rosenstock in 1966 to predict and explain preventive health behavior. Based on the central premise that people take health action to avoid illness when they perceive susceptibility to a health threat and believe that taking ac

2 извора1966
health services

Health Literacy Scale

Health literacy scales are validated self-report instruments designed to measure the capacity of individuals to access, understand, appraise, and communicate health information to maintain or improve health. The Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) and Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHL

3 извора1999
public health

Health Protective Behavior Scale

The Health Protective Behavior Scale (HPBS) assesses self-reported engagement in preventive behaviors during infectious disease outbreaks, including hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, isolation, and vaccination. Developed from literature review and behavioral theory by Bish and Michie, and refined through implementat

2 извора2011
healthcare management

Health Technology Assessment

Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is a structured, multidisciplinary approach to evaluating the clinical, economic, and societal effects of healthcare technologies (devices, drugs, procedures, systems). HTA synthesizes evidence from clinical trials, observational studies, and economic analyses to support decision-make

3 извора1980
health behavior

Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II

The Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II) is a 52-item self-report instrument developed by Walker, Sechrist, and Pender in 1987 to assess and measure health-promoting behaviors across multiple life domains. Based on Pender's Health Promotion Model, the HPLP-II evaluates six dimensions of positive health behav

2 извора1987
healthcare management

Healthcare Team Vitality Instrument

The Healthcare Team Vitality Instrument (HTVI) is a brief, 5-item survey designed to measure healthcare team cohesion, communication quality, and shared purpose—dimensions of team "vitality" that are associated with effective teamwork and patient safety. Developed by Metersky and colleagues and validated in intensive c

3 извора2015
public health

Healthcare Worker COVID-19 Burnout Scale

The Healthcare Worker COVID-19 Burnout Scale (HWCBS) measures occupational burnout specific to pandemic-era healthcare work, including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment under pandemic stress. Adapted from the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) by Lan and colleagues for COVID-19 c

2 извора2020
public health nutrition

HEI-2020

The HEI-2020 is a composite score measuring diet quality based on adherence to the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Developed by USDA and the National Cancer Institute, the HEI evaluates 13 dietary components: adequacy of fruit, vegetables, grains, protein foods, dairy; moderation of saturated fat, added sug

2 извора2020
public health nutrition

HFEQ

The HFEQ is a parent-report questionnaire measuring the household food environment—the availability of healthy and unhealthy foods, parent feeding practices, and family mealtime characteristics. Developed by Boles, Fulkerson, and colleagues, the HFEQ captures multiple dimensions of the home environment that influence c

2 извора2014
public health nutrition

HFIAS

The HFIAS is a 9-item survey designed to measure the frequency and severity of food insecurity at the household level in resource-limited settings. Developed by the FANTA Project in 2007, it assesses four domains of food access: anxiety, dietary diversity, food consumption frequency, and household member deprivation. I

1 извор2007
public health nutrition

HFSM

The HFSM is the official U.S. government measure of household food security, used in the Current Population Survey and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey since 1995. The 18-item full form and 6-item short form assess the frequency and severity of food insecurity within a household based on direct reports

2 извора1999
healthcare management

Hospital Bed Occupancy Model

Hospital bed occupancy models forecast the number of occupied beds at future times by analyzing admission patterns, length of stay distributions, and discharge dynamics. These models support tactical decisions about staffing, supply chain management, and strategic decisions about capacity expansion.

3 извора2000
healthcare management

Hospital Readmission Prediction Model

Hospital readmission prediction models use statistical and machine learning techniques to identify patients at high risk of returning to the hospital shortly after discharge. These models guide targeted discharge planning and follow-up to improve outcomes and reduce costs.

3 извора1998
healthcare management

Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture

The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS) is a 42-item standardized instrument developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) to measure patient safety culture in hospital settings. First released in 2004 and revised in 2018, the HSOPS assesses 12 composite dimensions of safety culture a

3 извора2004
neurology

Hunt and Hess Scale

The Hunt and Hess Scale is the most widely used clinical grading system for assessing severity and prognosis in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused by ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Developed by neurosurgeons William Hunt and Robert Hess in 1968, the five-point ordinal scale measures level of consciousness and presen

1 извор1968
health outcomes

IBDQ

The IBDQ is a disease-specific quality of life measure for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Developed by Elena Irvine and colleagues in 1994, this 32-item questionnaire measures how IBD affects bowel function, systemic symptoms, emotional well-being, and social functio

3 извора1994
implementation science

ICS

The Implementation Climate Scale (ICS) is a brief organizational assessment tool that measures the extent to which an organization's work climate, policies, and systems are aligned with and supportive of evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation. Developed by Ehrhart, Aarons, and Farahnak in 2014, the ICS measures f

1 извор2014
health behavior

Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised

The Illness Perception Questionnaire—Revised (IPQ-R) is a 70-item measure (brief version: 38 items) developed by Moss-Morris and colleagues (2002) to assess how individuals perceive and cognitively represent their illness. Based on Leventhal's Common Sense Model of illness representation, the IPQ-R measures nine dimens

1 извор2002
implementation science

ILS

The Implementation Leadership Scale (ILS) is a 12-item self-report measure that assesses unit-level leadership behaviors critical to successful implementation of evidence-based practices and innovations. Developed by Aarons, Ehrhart, and Farahnak in 2014, the ILS measures four dimensions of implementation leadership: p

2 извора2014
implementation science

Implementation Outcome Taxonomy

The Implementation Outcome Taxonomy is a framework defining eight measurable dimensions for assessing implementation success: Acceptability, Adoption, Appropriateness, Feasibility, Fidelity, Implementation Cost, Penetration, and Sustainability. Developed by Proctor et al. (2011), it provides a standardized vocabulary a

3 извора2011
health economics

Instrumental Variables in Health Research

Instrumental variables (IV) is an econometric method to estimate causal effects when treatment or exposure is not randomly assigned and confounding is severe or unmeasured. IV relies on a third variable (instrument) that influences treatment but does not directly affect the outcome, allowing researchers to isolate the

3 извора1990
health services

International Prostate Symptom Score

The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) is a validated seven-item self-report instrument adopted by the World Health Organization and American Urological Association to measure the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with suspected benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The IPSS comprises items

3 извора1992
health education

IPCS

The IPCS is a self-report questionnaire measuring healthcare professionals' and students' attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding interprofessional collaboration and teamwork. Developed through research by Hind and colleagues in 2003 and refined in subsequent interprofessional education studies, the IPCS evaluates

2 извора2003
public health nutrition

IYCF Practices

The IYCF assessment is a set of core indicators developed by WHO and UNICEF to measure the prevalence of key feeding practices in children aged 0–23 months. The indicators track six essential markers: exclusive breastfeeding in infants under 6 months, continued breastfeeding in the second year, timely introduction of c

2 извора2021
health outcomes

KDQOL

The KDQOL is the most widely used quality of life measure for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, particularly those on dialysis. Developed by Ron Hays and colleagues in 1994, this multidimensional questionnaire (full version 134 items; short-form KDQOL-SF 36 items) measures kidney disease-specific impacts on physic

3 извора1994
implementation science

Knowledge Translation

Knowledge Translation (KT) is the systematic synthesis, dissemination, exchange, and application of research findings to improve health outcomes and healthcare practice. First formalized by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research in 2004, KT recognizes that evidence generation alone does not automatically change cli

3 извора2004
implementation science

KTA

The Knowledge-to-Action (KTA) Framework is a conceptual model and process guide for translating evidence into practice, developed by Ian Graham and colleagues at the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (2004–2006). The KTA framework addresses a central challenge in implementation science: research evidence alone does no

2 извора2004
healthcare management

Lean Healthcare

Lean is a management philosophy that emerged from the Toyota Production System, focused on maximizing patient value while minimizing waste. Applied to healthcare, Lean uses systematic methods to identify and eliminate non-value-added activities, reduce wait times, and improve the quality of patient care.

3 извора1988
public health

Lockdown Wellbeing Scale

The Lockdown Wellbeing Scale (LWS) measures the specific psychological and social impacts of mobility restrictions and lockdown policies on individual well-being. Developed by Giuntella and colleagues from economic and social data on pandemic restrictions, it captures dimensions of isolation, social disconnection, rout

2 извора2021
health economics

Markov Model in Health Economics

A Markov model is a decision-analytic tool that simulates disease progression through defined health states over time, calculating cumulative costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) to enable cost-effectiveness analysis. Developed by Beck and Pauker in 1983, Markov models are now the standard framework for projec

3 извора1983
epidemiology

Matched case report

A matched case report is a structured clinical case write-up in which the index patient is compared against one or more systematically selected matched comparators — typically patients with similar demographics, comorbidities, or clinical settings who did not experience the same unusual outcome. The matched comparator

2 извора1990
epidemiology

Matched case-control study

A matched case-control study is an observational epidemiological design in which each case (a person with the disease or outcome of interest) is paired with one or more controls (persons without the outcome) who share one or more characteristics — such as age, sex, or clinical setting — to control confounding. Exposure

2 извора1950
epidemiology

Matched Case-Crossover Design

The matched case-crossover design is a self-controlled observational study in which each case serves as its own control. A short hazard window immediately before the acute event is compared with one or more matched control windows — selected to have the same day of week, season, or other time-varying covariate — making

2 извора1991
epidemiology

Matched Cohort Study

A matched cohort study is an observational design in which each exposed participant is paired with one or more unexposed counterparts who share key characteristics — such as age, sex, or comorbidity status — before both groups are followed forward in time to compare incident outcomes. Matching controls for measured con

2 извора1983
epidemiology

Matched Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study

A matched cross-sectional epidemiological study is an observational design that measures exposure and outcome simultaneously in a population sample while applying matching to control for one or more confounding variables. By pairing or grouping participants on key characteristics such as age, sex, or socioeconomic stat

2 извора1970
epidemiology

Matched Diagnostic Accuracy Study

A matched diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well an index test correctly identifies a target condition in study participants who have been matched on key characteristics — such as age, sex, or disease severity — to control for confounding. By pairing diseased and non-diseased subjects on relevant factors before a

2 извора1990
epidemiology

Matched dose-response analysis

Matched dose-response analysis evaluates whether increasing levels of exposure are associated with proportionally increasing (or decreasing) risk of an outcome, within a study where cases and controls — or exposed and unexposed individuals — have been deliberately matched on key confounders such as age, sex, or study s

2 извора1970
epidemiology

Matched ecological study

A matched ecological study is an observational epidemiological design in which aggregate units — such as geographic areas, communities, or time periods — are systematically paired or matched on key characteristics before comparing exposure and outcome rates. Matching at the group level controls for area-level confounde

2 извора1970
epidemiology

Matched nested case-control

A matched nested case-control study is an efficient observational design embedded within a defined cohort. When a participant develops the outcome of interest (a case), a small number of controls are sampled from those still at risk at that moment and matched to the case on key variables such as age, sex, or calendar t

2 извора1970
epidemiology

Matched Phase II clinical trial

A matched Phase II clinical trial is a single-arm or small-controlled early-efficacy study in which treated patients are paired with matched controls — drawn from historical databases, registries, or concurrent external cohorts — on key prognostic variables such as age, disease stage, and performance status. This desig

2 извора1960
epidemiology

Matched Phase III Clinical Trial

A matched Phase III clinical trial is a confirmatory, late-stage controlled study in which each participant assigned to the experimental treatment is paired with one or more controls who share key prognostic characteristics — such as age, disease stage, or comorbidities — before treatment allocation. By ensuring baseli

2 извора1950
epidemiology

Matched Phase IV Study

A Matched Phase IV study is a post-marketing observational design in which patients who received an approved drug (or intervention) are matched to comparable non-exposed patients — or patients on an alternative therapy — to evaluate real-world safety, effectiveness, or long-term outcomes. Conducted after regulatory app

2 извора1980
epidemiology

Matched Randomized Clinical Trial

A matched randomized clinical trial pairs participants (or clusters) on key baseline characteristics before randomization, then allocates one member of each pair to treatment and the other to control. This design combines the causal validity of randomization with the covariate balance of matching, increasing statistica

2 извора2000
epidemiology

Matched Screening Test Evaluation

Matched screening test evaluation assesses the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of a screening or diagnostic test using a matched design, in which disease-positive cases are paired with one or more disease-free controls selected to share key characteristics such as age, sex, or clinical setting. Matching

2 извора1980
public health nutrition

MDQI

The Maternal Diet Quality Index (MDQI) is a composite measure of maternal nutrition that evaluates diet quality during pregnancy and postpartum using a scored framework. Adapted from general population dietary quality indices, the MDQI emphasizes nutrients critical for fetal development and maternal health: folate, iro

2 извора2010
epidemiology

Meta-analytic case report

A meta-analytic case report is a secondary research methodology that systematically identifies, appraises, and quantitatively or qualitatively pools data from multiple published individual case reports on the same clinical phenomenon. It is used most often when randomized trials or cohort data are unavailable — particu

2 извора2000
epidemiology

Meta-analytic Case Series

A meta-analytic case series is an evidence-synthesis design that systematically identifies, appraises, and statistically pools outcome data from multiple single-arm case series on a defined clinical condition or intervention. It occupies a middle tier of evidence — above individual case reports and unsystematic series,

2 извора2000
epidemiology

Meta-analytic case-control study

A meta-analytic case-control study systematically identifies, critically appraises, and quantitatively synthesizes data from multiple independent case-control studies examining the same exposure-disease relationship. By pooling odds ratios across studies, it yields a more precise and generalizable estimate of associati

2 извора1980
epidemiology

Meta-analytic case-crossover design

The meta-analytic case-crossover design combines the within-person control structure of the case-crossover study with formal meta-analytic pooling across multiple studies. Each contributing study uses cases as their own controls by comparing exposure windows immediately preceding an acute event to matched reference win

2 извора1991
epidemiology

Meta-analytic Cohort Study

A meta-analytic cohort study systematically identifies, appraises, and statistically pools the findings of two or more independent cohort studies addressing the same exposure-outcome relationship. By combining large prospective datasets, it provides more precise risk estimates than any single cohort alone, makes dose-r

2 извора1980
epidemiology

Meta-analytic cross-sectional epidemiological study

A meta-analytic cross-sectional epidemiological study systematically identifies and statistically pools prevalence or proportion estimates from multiple independent cross-sectional surveys. By combining data across studies — often using variance-stabilising transformations and random-effects models — it produces a more

2 извора2000
epidemiology

Meta-analytic Diagnostic Accuracy Study

A meta-analytic diagnostic accuracy study systematically identifies and pools sensitivity and specificity data from multiple primary diagnostic test accuracy studies. Using the bivariate or hierarchical summary ROC (HSROC) model, it produces a joint summary of a test's ability to correctly classify diseased and non-dis

2 извора1993
epidemiology

Meta-analytic dose-response analysis

Meta-analytic dose-response analysis pools summary statistics from multiple epidemiological studies to characterize how disease risk changes across ordered levels of an exposure. Rather than comparing a single high-exposure group against a reference, it reconstructs a continuous or categorical exposure-risk curve acros

2 извора1992
← 12 / 53 →