Uporedite metode

	Skale depresije, anksioznosti i stresa-21 (DASS-21)	Skala za depresiju Centra za epidemiološke studije (CES-D)	Skala anksioznosti i depresije u bolnici (HADS)
Oblast	Klinička psihologija	Klinička psihologija	Klinička psihologija
Porodica	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Godina nastanka	1995	1977	1983
Tvorac	Stephen H. Lovibond and Peter F. Lovibond	Lenore Sawyer Radloff	Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith
Tip	Three-dimensional mental health screening	Community-based depression assessment	Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations
Temeljni izvor	Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia.	Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.	Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370.
Drugi nazivi	DASS-21, DASS, DASS-42	CES-D, CESD	HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D
Srodne	5	5	4
Sažetak	The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties.	The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide.	The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide.