Krahasoni metodat

	ANOVA robust (Welch & Mesatarja e Prerë)	Inferenca Bootstrap	Regresioni me Mënyrën më të Vogël të Katrorëve (OLS)	Estimatori Theil-Sen
Fusha	Statistikë	Statistikë	Ekonometri	Statistikë
Familja	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
Viti i origjinës	1951	1979	2019	1968
Krijuesi	Welch (1951); robust trimmed-mean approach popularised by Wilcox	Bradley Efron	Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares	Henri Theil (1950); P. K. Sen (1968)
Lloji	Robust one-way analysis of variance	Resampling-based inference	Linear regression	Robust linear regression
Burimi themelues	Welch, B. L. (1951). On the comparison of several mean values: an alternative approach. Biometrika, 38(3/4), 330-336.	Efron, B. (1979). Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife. Annals of Statistics, 7(1), 1-26.	Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860	Sen, P. K. (1968). Estimates of the Regression Coefficient Based on Kendall's Tau. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 63(324), 1379-1389.
Emërtime të tjera	Welch ANOVA, trimmed-mean ANOVA, heteroscedastic one-way ANOVA, Robust ANOVA (Welch & Trimmed Mean)	bootstrap, bootstrap resampling, nonparametric bootstrap, Bootstrap Çıkarımı	ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu	Theil-Sen Tahmincisi, Theil-Sen regression, median slope estimator, Sen's slope estimator
Të lidhura	5	5	5	6
Përmbledhja	Robust ANOVA compares the central tendency of three or more groups when the classical assumptions of normality and equal variances fail. It combines Welch's heteroscedasticity-adjusted statistic, introduced by Welch in 1951, with trimmed-mean tests advanced by Wilcox, giving reliable comparisons in the presence of outliers and unequal group spreads.	Bootstrap inference, introduced by Bradley Efron in 1979, estimates the sampling distribution of a statistic by repeatedly resampling the observed data with replacement. It requires no distributional assumption and produces reliable confidence intervals even in small samples.	Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE).	The Theil-Sen estimator is a robust linear regression method that estimates the slope as the median of the slopes computed over all pairs of data points. Introduced by Henri Theil in 1950 and extended by P. K. Sen in 1968, it tolerates outliers in the response with a breakdown point of about 29%.