Krahasoni metodat

	Modeli Fourier GARCH	Modeli ARCH (Heteroskedasticiteti i kushtëzuar Autoregresiv)
Fusha	Ekonometri	Ekonometri
Familja	Regression model	Regression model
Viti i origjinës	2000–2012	1982
Krijuesi	Ludlow & Enders (2000); extended by Enders & Lee (2012) Fourier framework	Robert F. Engle
Lloji	Volatility model	Conditional volatility model
Burimi themelues	Ludlow, J., & Enders, W. (2000). Estimating non-linear ARMA models using Fourier coefficients. International Journal of Forecasting, 16(3), 333–347.	Engle, R. F. (1982). Autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity with estimates of the variance of United Kingdom inflation. Econometrica, 50(4), 987–1007.
Emërtime të tjera	Fourier GARCH, Fourier-flexible GARCH, GARCH with Fourier terms, smooth-break GARCH	ARCH, autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity, Engle ARCH, conditional variance model
Të lidhura	5	6
Përmbledhja	The Fourier GARCH model embeds trigonometric Fourier terms into a standard GARCH framework to capture smooth, gradual shifts in the conditional variance process without requiring knowledge of exact structural break dates. By approximating unknown break patterns with sinusoidal functions, it jointly models volatility clustering and time-varying unconditional variance.	The ARCH model, introduced by Robert Engle in 1982, captures time-varying volatility in financial and macroeconomic time series. It models the conditional variance of today's error as a function of past squared errors, explaining why volatile periods cluster together — a phenomenon known as volatility clustering.