Krahasoni metodat

	Dikisroizmi Rrethor	Kalorimetri Titrimetrik Izotermik	SERS
Fusha	Spektroskopi	Spektroskopi	Spektroskopi
Familja	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Viti i origjinës	1969	1989	1974
Krijuesi	Jean-Claude Fasman	Terrence Wiseman	Martin Fleischmann
Lloji	Spectroscopic method	Biophysical technique	Vibrational spectroscopy technique
Burimi themelues	Greenfield, N. J., & Fasman, G. D. (1969). Computed circular dichroism spectra for protein secondary structures. Biochemistry, 8(10), 4108-4116.	Wiseman, T., Williston, S., Brandts, J. F., & Lin, L. N. (1989). Rapid measurement of binding constants and heats of binding using a new titration calorimeter. Analytical Biochemistry, 179(1), 131-137.	Fleischmann, M., Hendra, P. J., & McQuillan, A. J. (1974). Raman spectra of pyridine adsorbed at a silver electrode. Chemical Physics Letters, 26(2), 163-166.
Emërtime të tjera	CD spectroscopy, circular dichroism, CD analysis	ITC, isothermal calorimetry, microcalorimetry	Surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS spectroscopy
Të lidhura	3	3	3
Përmbledhja	Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy measures the differential absorption of left- and right-circularly polarized light by optically active molecules, particularly proteins and nucleic acids. Introduced by Greenfield and Fasman in 1969, CD is a rapid, non-destructive technique for characterizing secondary structure (alpha-helix, beta-sheet), monitoring protein folding transitions, and assessing conformational changes in response to pH, temperature, or ligand binding.	Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) is a thermodynamic technique that measures heat released or absorbed during biomolecular binding events at constant temperature. Developed by Wiseman and colleagues in 1989, ITC directly determines binding affinity (Kd), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) in a single experiment, making it one of the most comprehensive methods for characterizing molecular interactions without requiring labels or immobilization.	Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) amplifies weak Raman signals by many orders of magnitude when analyte molecules are adsorbed on specially prepared metal (typically silver or gold) nanostructured surfaces. Discovered by Fleischmann, Hendra, and McQuillan in 1974, SERS enables detection of vibrational signatures of single molecules and ultra-trace contaminants, revolutionizing analytical chemistry and forensics.