Krahasoni metodat

	Inferenca Bootstrap	Regresioni me Mënyrën më të Vogël të Katrorëve (OLS)	Testi me permutacione (Randomizim)
Fusha	Statistikë	Ekonometri	Statistikë
Familja	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
Viti i origjinës	1979	2019	2005
Krijuesi	Bradley Efron	Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares	Good (2005); Edgington & Onghena (2007); resampling tradition
Lloji	Resampling-based inference	Linear regression	Nonparametric resampling test
Burimi themelues	Efron, B. (1979). Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife. Annals of Statistics, 7(1), 1-26.	Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860	Good, P. (2005). Permutation, Parametric and Bootstrap Tests of Hypotheses (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-0387202792
Emërtime të tjera	bootstrap, bootstrap resampling, nonparametric bootstrap, Bootstrap Çıkarımı	ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu	randomization test, exact permutation test, re-randomization test, Permütasyon Testi
Të lidhura	5	5	5
Përmbledhja	Bootstrap inference, introduced by Bradley Efron in 1979, estimates the sampling distribution of a statistic by repeatedly resampling the observed data with replacement. It requires no distributional assumption and produces reliable confidence intervals even in small samples.	Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE).	The permutation test is a nonparametric resampling procedure that builds the sampling distribution of a test statistic directly from the data by repeatedly shuffling the group labels. Developed in the resampling tradition and treated systematically by Good (2005) and Edgington & Onghena (2007), it requires no parametric distributional assumption and yields an exact p-value.