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	Figure-Ground Analysis	Townscape Analysis
Odbor	Urban Studies	Urban Studies
Rodina	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Rok vzniku	1986	1961
Tvorca	Giambattista Nolli (Nolli map, 1748); Roger Trancik (figure-ground theory)	Gordon Cullen (serial vision); M. R. G. Conzen (town-plan analysis)
Typ	Pipeline for mapping and measuring built mass versus open space in urban fabric	Pipeline for the visual and morphological appraisal of town form and townscape
Pôvodný zdroj	Trancik, R. (1986). Finding Lost Space: Theories of Urban Design. Wiley. ISBN: 9780471289562	Cullen, G. (1961). The Concise Townscape. Architectural Press. ISBN: 9780750620185
Ďalšie názvy	Solid-Void Analysis, Nolli Map Analysis, Poché Mapping, Built-Mass and Open-Space Analysis	Serial Vision Analysis, Townscape Appraisal, Conzenian Plan Analysis, Urban Morphological Townscape Analysis
Príbuzné	4	4
Zhrnutie	Figure-ground analysis is an urban-design technique that maps a city as a pattern of solids and voids — buildings rendered as black figure against the white ground of streets, squares, and open space (or vice versa) — to reveal the structure, density, and spatial quality of the urban fabric. Descended from Giambattista Nolli's 1748 map of Rome, it makes legible the relationship between built mass and open space that ordinary plans obscure. Roger Trancik's 1986 Finding Lost Space established it as a core method of contemporary urban-design theory, arguing that good cities are defined as much by the shape of their voids as by their buildings.	Townscape analysis is the appraisal of the visual and physical character of towns, combining two traditions: Gordon Cullen's 'serial vision' approach, which reads the town as a sequence of unfolding views experienced by a moving observer, and the Conzenian school of urban morphology, which dissects the town through its plan, building fabric, and land use. Cullen's 1961 The Concise Townscape argued that the art of the environment lies in the relationships and emerging views between buildings and spaces, not in the objects alone. Together the two strands give townscape analysis both an experiential, qualitative side and a systematic, morphological one.