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	Farben mit Alizarinrot	Uvoľňovanie BMP
Odbor	Biomateriály	Biomateriály
Rodina	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Rok vzniku	2004	1965
Tvorca	Gregory, Gunn, Peister	Marshall Urist
Typ	Staining assay	Kinetic release assay
Pôvodný zdroj	Gregory, C. A., Gunn, W. G., Peister, A., & Prockop, D. J. (2004). An Alizarin red-based assay of mineralization by adherent cells in culture: comparison with cetylpyridinium chloride extraction. Analytical Biochemistry, 329(1), 77-84.	Urist, M. R. (1965). Bone: formation by autoinduction. Science, 150(3698), 893-899.
Ďalšie názvy	alizarin red-S, calcium staining, bone mineralization assay	BMP release kinetics, BMP elution profile, growth factor release assay
Príbuzné	4	4
Zhrnutie	Alizarin red-S (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone-3-sulfonic acid) is a calcium-binding dye that forms a colored complex with mineralized deposits, enabling direct visualization and quantification of bone matrix mineralization. Developed as a standard assay by Gregory and colleagues in 2004, alizarin red staining is widely used to evaluate osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, assess the mineralization-promoting effects of biomaterial scaffolds and growth factors, and measure the calcium content of bone tissue and engineered constructs. The assay is rapid, quantitative, and provides both visual and colorimetric readout.	The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) release assay measures the kinetics and amount of BMP elution from a biomaterial carrier over time. BMP-2, BMP-6, BMP-7, and BMP-9 are potent osteoinductive growth factors discovered by Marshall Urist in 1965 that trigger bone and cartilage formation. When loaded into scaffolds, hydrogels, or implants, BMPs must be released in a controlled manner to maximize biological effect while minimizing systemic exposure. The release assay quantifies how much BMP is present in the surrounding medium at defined timepoints, enabling optimization of carrier materials and release profiles for bone regeneration and fracture healing applications.