Сравнение методов

	Пропорциональная стратифицированная выборка	Кластерная выборка
Область	Методология опросов	Методология опросов
Семейство	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Год появления	1953–1965 (formalized in survey sampling literature)	Early-to-mid 20th century; canonical treatment 1953/1977
Автор метода	William G. Cochran; Leslie Kish	Formalized by William G. Cochran; roots in early 20th-century U.S. Census Bureau survey practice
Тип	Probability sampling design	Probability sampling design
Основополагающий источник	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471162407
Другие названия	proportionate stratified sampling, proportional allocation stratified sampling, PSRS, proportionate stratified random sampling	cluster random sampling, area sampling, one-stage cluster sampling
Связанные	6	5
Сводка	Proportional stratified sampling divides the target population into non-overlapping strata (subgroups defined by a key characteristic such as age band, region, or gender) and then draws a simple random sample from each stratum so that each stratum's share of the total sample matches its share of the total population. Because each subgroup is represented in exact proportion to its population weight, the resulting sample mirrors the population structure closely without requiring post-hoc weighting adjustments.	Cluster sampling is a probability sampling technique in which the population is divided into naturally occurring groups (clusters), a random sample of clusters is selected, and all — or a random subset of — members within each selected cluster are studied. It is especially practical when a complete population list is unavailable or when units are geographically dispersed, making individual random selection prohibitively expensive. One-stage cluster sampling surveys every member of selected clusters; two-stage designs add a second random draw within clusters.