Сравнение методов

	Пилотная взвешенная выборка	Взвешенная выборка
Область	Методология опросов	Методология опросов
Семейство	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Год появления	Mid-20th century (classical weighted sampling ~1934–1977; pilot study integration formalized in survey practice ~1970s–1980s)	1940s–1952 (formalized in large-scale government survey work and the Horvitz-Thompson estimator)
Автор метода	Cochran, W. G.; Neyman, J.	Morris H. Hansen, William N. Hurwitz; D. G. Horvitz and D. J. Thompson (theoretical framework)
Тип	Probability sampling with differential selection probabilities in a preliminary study phase	Probability sampling design
Основополагающий источник	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471162407	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407
Другие названия	pilot phase weighted sampling, weighted pilot sampling, pilot probability proportional sampling, pilot PPS sampling	probability proportional to size sampling, PPS sampling, unequal probability sampling, importance sampling
Связанные	3	6
Сводка	Pilot weighted sampling applies weighted (unequal-probability) sampling within a small-scale preliminary study to estimate key design parameters — variance components, design effects, and optimal stratum weights — before committing resources to the full survey. By using differential inclusion probabilities in the pilot, researchers obtain more precise parameter estimates for rarer or more variable subgroups while keeping total pilot cost low. The results directly inform the weighting scheme and sample-size allocation for the main survey.	Weighted sampling is a probability-based design in which units are selected with unequal probabilities proportional to a known auxiliary measure of size or importance. Sampling weights — the inverse of inclusion probabilities — are applied during analysis so that each sampled unit correctly represents the population units it stands for. The approach underpins large-scale government, health, and social surveys where simple random sampling would be inefficient.