Compară metode

	Indicele Standardizat de Precipitații și Evapotranspirație	Model de Circulație Generală
Domeniu	Geofizică	Geofizică
Familie	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Anul apariției	2010	1975
Autorul original	Vicente-Serrano, Beguería, and López-Moreno	Syukuro Manabe and Richard Wetherald
Tip	Probability-based water deficit indicator	Deterministic coupled atmosphere-ocean simulation
Sursa seminală	Vicente-Serrano, S. M., Beguería, S., & López-Moreno, J. I. (2010). A multiscalar drought index sensitive to global warming: the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index. Journal of Climate, 23(7), 1696-1718.	Manabe, S., & Wetherald, R. T. (1975). The effects of doubling the CO2 concentration on the climate of a general circulation model. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 32(1), 3-15.
Denumiri alternative	SPEI	GCM, Global Climate Model
Înrudite	3	3
Rezumat	The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is a climate index that combines precipitation and temperature (via reference evapotranspiration) to characterize water deficits and droughts. Developed by Vicente-Serrano and colleagues in 2010, SPEI extends the SPI framework to account for the combined effect of precipitation deficiency and increased evaporative demand from warming, providing a more physically-based drought metric than precipitation-only indices.	A General Circulation Model (GCM), also called a Global Climate Model, is a three-dimensional numerical representation of the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, ice, and land surface that simulates physical processes governing weather and climate. Pioneered by Manabe and Wetherald in 1975, GCMs are the primary tools for understanding past climate, projecting future climate change, and investigating climate sensitivity to greenhouse gases and other forcings.