Compară metode

	Modelul de eroare spațială (SEM)	Modelul de decalaj spațial (SAR / Autoregresiv spațial)
Domeniu	Analiză spațială	Analiză spațială
Familie	Regression model	Regression model
Anul apariției	1988	1988
Autorul original	Anselin	Anselin (textbook formalisation); LeSage & Pace
Tip	Spatial regression (spatially autocorrelated errors)	Spatial autoregressive regression
Sursa seminală	Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Kluwer Academic.	Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Kluwer Academic.
Denumiri alternative	SEM, spatial error regression, spatial autoregressive error model, Uzamsal Hata Modeli (SEM / Spatial Error)	SAR model, spatial autoregressive model, spatial lag, Uzamsal Gecikme Modeli (SAR / Spatial Lag)
Înrudite	5	5
Rezumat	The Spatial Error Model, developed within Anselin's spatial econometrics framework (1988), is a regression model that assumes spatial dependence enters through the error term: the disturbances of neighbouring units are correlated. It is used when unobserved shared factors make the errors of nearby observations move together, and it is estimated by maximum likelihood or GMM rather than ordinary least squares.	The Spatial Lag Model is an autoregressive regression that assumes spatial dependence in the dependent variable itself: the outcome values of neighbouring units enter the model as an explanatory term (ρWy). It was formalised in Anselin's Spatial Econometrics (1988) and developed further by LeSage and Pace (2009), and it decomposes spillover effects into direct, indirect, and total impacts.