Compară metode

	Scala de participare politică	Scara de Susținere Democratică	Scala Cinismului Electoral
Domeniu	Psihologie politică	Psihologie politică	Psihologie politică
Familie	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Anul apariției	1995	1999	1960
Autorul original	Sidney Verba, Kay Lehman Schlozman, Henry Brady	Russell Dalton & Pippa Norris	Angus Campbell et al.
Tip	Self-report	Self-report	Self-report
Sursa seminală	Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., & Brady, H. E. (1995). Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.	Dalton, R. J. (2004). Democratic challenges, democratic choices: The erosion of political support in advanced industrial democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.	Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1960). The American voter. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Denumiri alternative	PPCS, Civic Participation Measure, Political Activity Scale	SFD, Democratic Legitimacy Scale, System Support Scale	PCS, Political Efficacy Cynicism, Electoral System Cynicism
Înrudite	3	3	3
Rezumat	The Political Participation Scale measures engagement in civic and political activities, encompassing voting, campaign involvement, contacting officials, organizational membership, community volunteering, and protest activity. Developed by Verba, Schlozman, and Brady (1995), the measure captures both conventional participation (voting, contacting representatives) and unconventional participation (protest, civil disobedience). It addresses fundamental questions in political science: Why do some citizens engage while others withdraw? How do structural resources (time, money, education) and psychological factors (efficacy, interest) drive participation?	The Democratic Support Scale measures citizen commitment to democracy as a regime type, including beliefs that democracy is the best system of government, willingness to defend democratic institutions, and rejection of non-democratic alternatives. Pioneered by Norris (1999) and Dalton (2004) in comparative research, the measure distinguishes regime support (belief in democracy's superiority) from performance support (satisfaction with current government). It addresses the paradox of 'critical citizens'—in advanced democracies, people often express dissatisfaction with current government performance while maintaining deep commitment to democratic principles.	The Voter Cynicism Scale measures citizen skepticism and disillusionment regarding the political process, including beliefs that the electoral system is rigged, politicians are self-serving, and voting does not matter. The measure captures a pessimistic orientation toward electoral democracy distinct from distrust in institutions (which can coexist with belief in democratic potential) or political alienation. Rooted in Campbell et al.'s American Voter (1960) tradition of measuring political efficacy and cynicism, the scale remains central to understanding voter turnout decline, support for populist alternatives, and democratic legitimacy crises.