Compară metode

	Metoda controlului sintetic pentru date panel	Diferențe în Diferențe pe Date Paneli (Panel DiD / TWFE)
Domeniu	Inferență cauzală	Inferență cauzală
Familie	Regression model	Regression model
Anul apariției	2010	1985–2004
Autorul original	Alberto Abadie, Alexis Diamond & Jens Hainmueller	Ashenfelter & Card (1985); codified by Angrist & Pischke (2009); serial correlation critique by Bertrand, Duflo & Mullainathan (2004)
Tip	Causal inference / panel data	Causal inference / panel regression
Sursa seminală	Abadie, A., Diamond, A., & Hainmueller, J. (2010). Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California's Tobacco Control Program. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 105(490), 493-505.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355
Denumiri alternative	SCM panel, panel synthetic control, synthetic control estimator, comparative case study	Two-Way Fixed Effects DiD, TWFE, Panel DiD, Panel Diff-in-Diff
Înrudite	5	4
Rezumat	The panel data synthetic control method estimates the causal effect of an intervention on a single treated unit by constructing a data-driven weighted combination of untreated units — a synthetic control — that best reproduces the treated unit's pre-treatment outcome trajectory. The post-treatment gap between the treated unit and its synthetic counterpart is the estimated treatment effect.	Panel Data Difference-in-Differences extends the classic two-period DiD design to settings with multiple units observed across many time periods. By absorbing unit-level fixed effects and time fixed effects simultaneously, it isolates the causal effect of a treatment or policy change while controlling for both time-invariant unit heterogeneity and common time shocks affecting all units.