Compară metode

	Clustering K-means	Clustering Spectral
Domeniu	Învățare automată	Învățare automată
Familie	Machine learning	Machine learning
Anul apariției	1967 (formalized 1982)	2002
Autorul original	MacQueen, J. B.; Lloyd, S. P.	Ng, A. Y.; Jordan, M. I.; Weiss, Y.
Tip	Partitional clustering	Graph-based clustering (spectral method)
Sursa seminală	Lloyd, S. P. (1982). Least squares quantization in PCM. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 28(2), 129–137.	Ng, A. Y., Jordan, M. I., & Weiss, Y. (2002). On Spectral Clustering: Analysis and an Algorithm. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 14, 849–856.
Denumiri alternative	k-means clustering, Lloyd's algorithm, k-means partitioning, hard k-means	NJW spectral clustering, graph Laplacian clustering, normalized spectral clustering, spectral graph clustering
Înrudite	4	5
Rezumat	K-means is a classic unsupervised partitional clustering algorithm that divides a dataset into K non-overlapping groups by iteratively assigning each observation to its nearest centroid and updating centroids as the mean of their assigned points. It is one of the most widely used exploratory tools in machine learning and data analysis.	Spectral Clustering is a graph-based unsupervised learning algorithm, formalized by Ng, Jordan, and Weiss in 2002, that maps data points into a low-dimensional eigenspace derived from the similarity graph's Laplacian before applying k-means. This spectral embedding makes it possible to recover clusters of arbitrary shape — rings, crescents, interleaved spirals — that Euclidean distance-based methods consistently fail to separate.