Compară metode

	Modelul Vectorial de Corecție a Erorilor Fourier (Fourier VECM)	Testul de cointegrare ARDL cu termeni Fourier
Domeniu	Econometrie	Econometrie
Familie	Regression model	Regression model
Anul apariției	2004–2012	2001-2021
Autorul original	Enders & Lee (2004/2012); extended to VECM by subsequent authors	Pesaran, Shin & Smith (ARDL foundation); Fourier extension by Nazlioglu and related authors
Tip	Error-correction model with Fourier terms	Cointegration / bounds test
Sursa seminală	Enders, W., & Lee, J. (2012). A Unit Root Test Using a Fourier Series to Approximate Smooth Breaks. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 74(4), 574–599.	Nazlioglu, S., Gormus, A., & Soytas, U. (2021). Oil prices and monetary policy in emerging markets: structural breaks, asymmetries, and Fourier approximations. Energy Economics, 95, 105119.
Denumiri alternative	Fourier VECM, Fourier-approximation VECM, smooth-break VECM, trigonometric VECM	Fourier ARDL, Fourier bounds testing, ARDL with Fourier approximation, F-ARDL cointegration test
Înrudite	5	5
Rezumat	The Fourier VECM augments the classical vector error correction model with low-frequency trigonometric terms — sine and cosine components — to capture smooth, gradual structural change in cointegrating relationships without specifying the number or timing of breaks in advance. It is used for multivariate cointegrated systems where long-run equilibria may shift gradually over time.	The Fourier ARDL bounds test augments the Pesaran-Shin-Smith cointegration framework with trigonometric (Fourier) terms that capture gradual, smooth structural breaks in the data-generating process. It tests for a long-run level relationship between variables without requiring the researcher to specify the number, timing, or form of structural breaks in advance.