Comparar métodos

	Exibição Velocidade-Azimute	Radar de Polarização Dupla	Modelo WRF
Área	Meteorologia	Meteorologia	Meteorologia
Família	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ano de origem	1968	1990s	2000
Autor original	Browning and Wexler	Bringi, Chandrasekar	Skamarock and Klemp
Tipo	Radar wind retrieval method	Radar measurement technique	Atmospheric simulation system
Fonte seminal	Browning, K. A., & Wexler, R. (1968). The determination of kinematic properties of a wind field using Doppler radar. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 7(1), 105-113.	Kumjian, M. R. (2013). The impact of precipitation on supercell electrification: Lightning potential and storm structure changes. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 69(11), 3353-3375.	Skamarock, W. C., Klemp, J. B., Dudhia, J., et al. (2008). A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 3. NCAR Technical Note NCAR/TN-475+STR.
Outros nomes	VAD, VAD analysis, Velocity-height profile	Dual-pol radar, Polarimetric radar, Dual-polarization, Dual-pol	Weather Research and Forecasting, WRF, ARW, NMM
Relacionados	3	3	4
Resumo	The Velocity-Azimuth Display (VAD) is a radar analysis technique that extracts the radial velocity of wind at a constant altitude as a function of azimuth angle around the radar. By fitting a sinusoidal pattern to these measurements, VAD retrieves the mean wind speed and direction at that altitude, providing wind profiles without requiring multiple radar observations.	Dual-polarization (dual-pol) radar is a weather radar system that transmits and receives electromagnetic waves in both horizontal and vertical polarizations simultaneously. This technique, operational in weather services since the 2010s, provides detailed information about precipitation particle type, shape, and size distribution, enabling improved rainfall estimates and better discrimination of hail, rain, and snow.	The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is a mesoscale atmospheric simulation system used for weather forecasting, research, and climate applications. Developed cooperatively by NCAR, NOAA, and academic institutions, WRF became operational in 2004 and has become one of the most widely used atmospheric models worldwide.