Comparar métodos

	Agrupamento Espectral	Agrupamento Hierárquico
Área	Aprendizado de máquina	Aprendizado de máquina
Família	Machine learning	Machine learning
Ano de origem	2002	1963
Autor original	Ng, A. Y.; Jordan, M. I.; Weiss, Y.	Ward, J. H.
Tipo	Graph-based clustering (spectral method)	Unsupervised clustering (agglomerative)
Fonte seminal	Ng, A. Y., Jordan, M. I., & Weiss, Y. (2002). On Spectral Clustering: Analysis and an Algorithm. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 14, 849–856.	Ward, J. H. (1963). Hierarchical Grouping to Optimize an Objective Function. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58(301), 236–244.
Outros nomes	NJW spectral clustering, graph Laplacian clustering, normalized spectral clustering, spectral graph clustering	Hiyerarşik Kümeleme, hiyerarşik kümeleme, agglomerative clustering, hierarchical agglomerative clustering
Relacionados	5	4
Resumo	Spectral Clustering is a graph-based unsupervised learning algorithm, formalized by Ng, Jordan, and Weiss in 2002, that maps data points into a low-dimensional eigenspace derived from the similarity graph's Laplacian before applying k-means. This spectral embedding makes it possible to recover clusters of arbitrary shape — rings, crescents, interleaved spirals — that Euclidean distance-based methods consistently fail to separate.	Hierarchical clustering is an unsupervised method that groups observations into nested clusters and draws the result as a dendrogram, so the number of clusters need not be fixed in advance. Its agglomerative form rests on the objective-function grouping criterion introduced by Joe Ward in 1963.