Comparar métodos

	Modelos de Localização-Alocação	Análise de Decisão Multicritério Baseada em SIG (SIG-MCDA)
Área	Análise espacial	Análise espacial
Família	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ano de origem	1963	2006
Autor original	Leon Cooper; S. L. Hakimi	Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis)
Tipo	Spatial facility-location optimization	Spatial multi-criteria suitability/decision analysis
Fonte seminal	Cooper, L. (1963). Location-allocation problems. Operations Research, 11(3), 331–343.	Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726.
Outros nomes	facility location, p-median problem, maximal covering location problem, yer-tahsis modelleri	GIS-MCDM, spatial multi-criteria analysis, GIS-AHP, weighted overlay suitability
Relacionados	4	4
Resumo	Location-allocation models decide where to place a set of facilities and simultaneously assign demand points to them so as to optimize an objective such as total travel cost, worst-case distance, or population covered. Rooted in the operations-research work of Cooper (1963) and Hakimi (1964) and central to network GIS, they answer questions like where to site warehouses, hospitals, fire stations, or schools to best serve a spatially distributed population.	GIS-MCDA combines the map layers of a geographic information system with multi-criteria decision analysis to produce suitability or priority maps — ranking locations by how well they satisfy several weighted criteria at once. It is the standard framework for spatial decisions such as siting hospitals, solar farms, landfills, or evacuation areas, integrating methods like AHP, TOPSIS, and weighted overlay with spatial data.