Comparar métodos

	Códigos de Verificação de Paridade de Baixa Densidade (LDPC)	Múltiplas Entradas e Múltiplas Saídas (MIMO)	Multiplexação por Divisão Ortogonal de Frequência (OFDM)
Área	Telecomunicações	Telecomunicações	Telecomunicações
Família	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ano de origem	1962	1995	1971
Autor original	Robert Gallager	Telatar, Foschini, and Gans	Weinstein and Ebert
Tipo	linear error-correcting code	spatial multiplexing technique	multicarrier modulation scheme
Fonte seminal	Gallager, R. G. (1962). Low-density parity-check codes. IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 8(1), 21-28.	Telatar, I. (1999). Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channels. European Transactions on Telecommunications, 10(6), 585-595.	Weinstein, S. B., & Ebert, P. M. (1971). Data transmission by frequency-division multiplexing using the discrete Fourier transform. IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology, 19(5), 628-634.
Outros nomes	sparse codes, belief propagation codes	spatial multiplexing, antenna diversity	multicarrier modulation
Relacionados	5	5	5
Resumo	LDPC codes, invented by Robert Gallager in 1962 and rediscovered in the 1990s by MacKay, are linear error-correcting codes defined by sparse parity-check matrices. They achieve performance within 0.4 dB of the Shannon limit with iterative belief-propagation decoding and have become the standard for modern wireless (WiFi-6, 5G NR, Digital Video Broadcasting). Unlike turbo codes, LDPC codes have a more elegant graph-theoretic structure and more mature theoretical analysis.	MIMO is a technique that uses multiple transmit and receive antennas to significantly increase channel capacity and reliability. Pioneered theoretically by Telatar (1999) and Foschini & Gans (1998), MIMO exploits multipath propagation—typically a liability in wireless—as an asset by creating independent spatial channels. It is now fundamental to all modern wireless systems including LTE, WiFi-6, and 5G, where it provides both capacity gains through spatial multiplexing and robustness through diversity.	OFDM is a multicarrier modulation technique that divides a wideband channel into many narrowband orthogonal subcarriers. Introduced by Weinstein and Ebert in 1971, it exploits the duality between time and frequency domains to efficiently use spectrum while mitigating intersymbol interference in frequency-selective channels. OFDM is now the standard for high-speed wireless systems including WiFi, cellular LTE, and digital broadcasting.