Comparar métodos

	Análise de Decisão Multicritério Baseada em SIG (SIG-MCDA)	Processo de Hierarquia Analítica	Caminho de Menor Custo / Análise de Distância de Custo	Técnica para Ordenação de Preferência por Similaridade à Solução Ideal
Área	Análise espacial	Tomada de decisão	Análise espacial	Tomada de decisão
Família	Process / pipeline	MCDM	Process / pipeline	MCDM
Ano de origem	2006	1980	1994	1981
Autor original	Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis)	Saaty, T. L.	Edsger Dijkstra (shortest path); GIS cost-surface adaptation	Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K.
Tipo	Spatial multi-criteria suitability/decision analysis	Pairwise comparison (eigenvalue)	Raster cost-surface routing	Distance-based (compromise)
Fonte seminal	Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726.	Saaty, T. L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Allocation. McGraw-Hill, New York ISBN: 978-0070543713	Dijkstra, E. W. (1959). A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numerische Mathematik, 1(1), 269–271.	Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. (1981). Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications — A State-of-the-Art Survey. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Vol. 186, Springer-Verlag
Outros nomes	GIS-MCDM, spatial multi-criteria analysis, GIS-AHP, weighted overlay suitability	—	cost-distance analysis, accumulated cost surface, least-cost corridor, en düşük maliyetli yol	—
Relacionados	4	8	3	8
Resumo	GIS-MCDA combines the map layers of a geographic information system with multi-criteria decision analysis to produce suitability or priority maps — ranking locations by how well they satisfy several weighted criteria at once. It is the standard framework for spatial decisions such as siting hospitals, solar farms, landfills, or evacuation areas, integrating methods like AHP, TOPSIS, and weighted overlay with spatial data.	AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Saaty, T. L. in 1980. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.	Least-cost path analysis finds the route between two locations that minimizes accumulated travel cost across a landscape, rather than minimizing straight-line distance. By encoding terrain, slope, land cover, and other frictions into a cost surface and accumulating cost outward from a source, it identifies optimal corridors for roads, pipelines, trails, power lines, and wildlife movement — a core raster-GIS technique built on Dijkstra's shortest-path logic.	TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. in 1981. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.