Comparar métodos

	Escala de Valores Democráticos	Escala de Xenofobia
Área	Sociologia política	Sociologia política
Família	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ano de origem	1999–2015	2009–2016
Autor original	Russell Dalton, Hans-Dieter Klingemann, Christian Welzel	Alin Ceobanu, Xavier Escandell, Elke Schlueter
Tipo	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Fonte seminal	Dalton, R. J. (2004). Democratic challenges, democratic choices: The erosion of political support in advanced industrial democracies. Oxford University Press.	Ceobanu, A. M., & Escandell, X. (2010). Comparative analyses of public attitudes toward immigrants and immigration using multinational survey data: The European Social Survey. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(6), 953-969.
Outros nomes	DVS, Democratic Attitudes Scale	XS, Anti-Immigration Attitude Scale
Relacionados	4	5
Resumo	The Democratic Values Scale measures commitment to core principles of democratic governance including free speech, rule of law, fair elections, protection of minorities, and transparent institutions. Rather than measuring support for democracy as a system (which is nearly universal in principle), it captures depth of commitment to democratic norms, tolerance for dissent, and willingness to protect rights of political opponents. Developed by comparative political scientists including Dalton, Klingemann, and Welzel, it reveals psychological foundations of democratic stability.	The Xenophobia Scale measures fear, discomfort, or prejudice toward foreign nationals and immigrants. Unlike immigration policy preferences (which can reflect economic or pragmatic considerations), xenophobia captures affective and attitudinal dimensions—emotional threat perception, negative stereotypes, and cultural distance. Developed by migration scholars including Ceobanu and Escandell, it is essential for understanding antiforeign sentiment and discriminatory attitudes across diverse contexts.