Comparar métodos

	Análise de Conteúdo	Etnografia	Análise de Metáfora
Área	Qualitativo	Qualitativo	Qualitativo
Família	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ano de origem	Systematised through Krippendorff's methodology work; 4th edition 2018	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)	Theoretical foundation 1980; systematic research applications from 1990s onward
Autor original	Klaus Krippendorff (systematic formulation); roots in early 20th-century communications research	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology	George Lakoff & Mark Johnson (Conceptual Metaphor Theory); Jonathan Charteris-Black (Critical Metaphor Analysis)
Tipo	Qualitative / mixed-method research technique	Qualitative fieldwork tradition	Qualitative research method
Fonte seminal	Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (4th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506395661	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462	Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226468013
Outros nomes	İçerik Analizi, systematic content coding, quantitative content analysis	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research	Conceptual Metaphor Analysis, Metaphor Elicitation, Critical Metaphor Analysis, Linguistic Metaphor Analysis
Relacionados	5	5	6
Resumo	Content analysis is a systematic research technique for reducing text, visual, or media material into coded categories so that patterns can be counted, compared, and interpreted. Formalised by Klaus Krippendorff in his widely cited methodology textbook (latest edition 2018), the method sits at the boundary of qualitative and quantitative inquiry: it imposes structured, replicable coding on inherently meaning-laden material.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.	Metaphor Analysis is a qualitative method that identifies, classifies, and interprets the metaphors embedded in language to reveal how speakers and writers conceptualise experience, construct meaning, and exercise ideological influence. Grounded in Lakoff and Johnson's Conceptual Metaphor Theory, it treats metaphor not as a literary decoration but as a fundamental cognitive structure — ARGUMENT IS WAR, TIME IS MONEY — that shapes how people think, reason, and act. It is widely applied in psychology, education, political discourse, health communication, and organisational research.