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Combat Exposure Scale (CES)×Inventário de Sofrimento Peritraumático (PDI)×
ÁreaPsicologia militarPsicologia militar
FamíliaProcess / pipelineProcess / pipeline
Ano de origem19892001
Autor originalKeane, Fairbank, Caddell, Zimering, Taylor, & MoraBrunet, Akerib, & Birmes
TipoSelf-reportSelf-report (retrospective to trauma)
Fonte seminalKeane, T. M., Fairbank, J. A., Caddell, J. M., Zimering, R. T., Taylor, K. L., & Mora, C. A. (1989). Clinical evaluation of a measure to assess combat exposure. Psychological Assessment, 1(1), 53-55. DOI ↗Brunet, A., Akerib, V., & Birmes, P. (2001). Don't forget initial symptoms of acute stress disorder: Evaluation of a simple stack of criteria. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189(7), 460-466. link ↗
Outros nomesCES, Keane Combat Exposure ScalePDI, Peri-Traumatic Distress Inventory
Relacionados44
ResumoThe CES is a 7-item self-report measure of combat exposure developed by Keane and colleagues in 1989. It quantifies the frequency and intensity of combat experiences, including direct fire, causalities witnessed, and hazardous mission environments. It is widely used in veteran research and clinical screening to characterize trauma load and risk for PTSD.The PDI is a 13-item self-report measure assessing the emotional, physical, and cognitive distress experienced during or immediately after a traumatic event. Developed by Brunet, Akerib, and Birmes in 2001, it captures acute peritraumatic responses (dissociation, fear, confusion) that predict risk for chronic PTSD. It is widely used in emergency medicine, military medical systems, and trauma research to identify acutely traumatized individuals at high risk for persistent psychological injury.
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ScholarGateComparar métodos: Combat Exposure Scale · Peritraumatic Distress Inventory. Recuperado em 2026-06-18 de https://scholargate.app/pt/compare