Comparar métodos
Examine os métodos selecionados lado a lado; as linhas que diferem ficam destacadas.
| Pesquisa-Ação× | Pesquisa de Estudo de Caso× | Anotações de Campo× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Área≠ | Pesquisa qualitativa | Pesquisa qualitativa | Metodologia de survey |
| Família | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Ano de origem≠ | 1946 | 1984 (Yin); 1995 (Stake) | Late 19th century (formalized in 20th century) |
| Autor original≠ | Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury | Robert K. Yin; Robert E. Stake; Sharan Merriam | Rooted in 19th-century anthropology and sociology; systematized by ethnographers such as Bronislaw Malinowski and later Robert Emerson et al. |
| Tipo≠ | Method | Method | Qualitative data collection and recording technique |
| Fonte seminal≠ | Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46. DOI ↗ | Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (5th ed.). Sage Publications. link ↗ | Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (1995). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226206813 |
| Outros nomes≠ | Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry | Case Study, Single Case Study, Multiple Case Study | fieldnotes, observational notes, ethnographic notes, jottings |
| Relacionados≠ | 1 | 4 | 6 |
| Resumo≠ | Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement. | Case study research is an intensive, contextual investigation of a single case (or small number of cases) to explore a phenomenon in depth. Developed systematically by Robert K. Yin (1984) and Robert E. Stake (1995), case study research employs multiple data sources (interviews, observation, documents, artifacts) to produce a holistic understanding of a bounded phenomenon within its real-world context. | Field notes are detailed written records created by researchers during or immediately after direct observation in a naturalistic setting. They capture what is seen, heard, and experienced — including behaviors, interactions, physical environments, and the researcher's own analytic impressions — forming the primary data source for ethnographic and observational studies. |
| ScholarGateConjunto de dados ↗ |
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