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	Robust Structural Equation Modeling	Kwantitativna analiza czynnikowa (CFA)
Dziedzina	Statystyka	Psychometria
Rodzina	Latent structure	Latent structure
Rok powstania	1994	1969
Twórca	Albert Satorra & Peter M. Bentler	Karl Gustav Jöreskog
Typ	Latent variable / path model with robust inference	Hypothesis-testing latent variable model
Źródło pierwotne	Satorra, A. & Bentler, P. M. (1994). Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis. In A. von Eye & C. C. Clogg (Eds.), Latent variables analysis (pp. 399–419). Sage.	Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202.
Inne nazwy	Robust SEM, SEM with robust standard errors, Satorra-Bentler SEM, non-normal SEM	CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis
Pokrewne	5	4
Podsumowanie	Robust structural equation modeling (Robust SEM) applies the full SEM framework — simultaneous estimation of measurement and structural relations among latent variables — while using corrected test statistics and sandwich standard errors that remain valid when observed data depart from multivariate normality. The Satorra-Bentler scaled chi-square is the most widely used correction.	Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing.