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	Badanie kohortowe prospektywne	Analiza przeżycia
Dziedzina	Epidemiologia	Statystyka w badaniach
Rodzina	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Rok powstania	1950s (systematic application); conceptual roots earlier	1958
Twórca	Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill (landmark application, 1951-1954); cohort methodology formalised by modern epidemiology textbooks	Edward L. Kaplan and Paul Meier
Typ	Observational longitudinal study design	Method
Źródło pierwotne	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641	Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1958). Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53(282), 457–481.
Inne nazwy	longitudinal cohort study, prospective follow-up study, incidence study, prospective observational cohort	Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox regression, TTE analysis
Pokrewne	6	3
Podsumowanie	A prospective cohort study assembles a group of participants who are free of the outcome of interest at baseline, measures their exposures, and then follows them forward in time to record who develops the outcome. By collecting exposure data before outcomes occur, it establishes a clear temporal sequence that supports causal inference — a major advantage over retrospective designs. It is the cornerstone observational method in epidemiology and clinical research.	Survival analysis is a collection of statistical methods for modeling time from a defined starting point until an event of interest occurs (disease, recovery, death, equipment failure). Kaplan and Meier's nonparametric estimator (1958) and David Cox's proportional hazards model (1972) jointly enabled analysis of censored data—individuals whose event times are unknown because they left the study or were still event-free at follow-up. Indispensable in oncology, cardiology, infectious disease research, engineering reliability, and any field where time-to-event matters.