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| Badanie pragmatyczne fazy IV× | Badanie kohortowe× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Epidemiologia | Epidemiologia |
| Rodzina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok powstania≠ | 1967 (pragmatic concept); 2000s (pragmatic Phase IV formalized) | Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s) |
| Twórca≠ | Schwartz & Lellouch (explanatory vs. pragmatic distinction, 1967); PRECIS framework by Thorpe et al. (2009) | Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854) |
| Typ≠ | Observational / interventional hybrid study design | Observational longitudinal study design |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Thorpe, K. E., Zwarenstein, M., Oxman, A. D., Treweek, S., Furberg, C. D., Altman, D. G., ... & Chalkidou, K. (2009). A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary (PRECIS): a tool to help trial designers. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62(5), 464-475. DOI ↗ | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 |
| Inne nazwy | pragmatic post-marketing study, real-world phase IV trial, pragmatic pharmacovigilance study, pragmatic post-approval study | longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study |
| Pokrewne≠ | 5 | 6 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | A pragmatic Phase IV study is a post-marketing investigation conducted under routine clinical conditions to evaluate a drug or device's real-world effectiveness, long-term safety, and comparative performance. Unlike the controlled Phase III environment, it intentionally minimizes protocol restrictions — broad eligibility criteria, standard-of-care comparators, and naturalistic follow-up — to generate evidence directly applicable to everyday clinical practice. | A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome. |
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