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	Model prognozowania szarego GM(1,1)	Rozumowanie oparte na przypadkach (CBR)
Dziedzina	Obliczenia miękkie	Obliczenia miękkie
Rodzina	Regression model	Machine learning
Rok powstania	1982	1994
Twórca	Julong Deng	Janet Kolodner; Agnar Aamodt & Enric Plaza (R4 cycle)
Typ	Small-sample grey forecasting model	Experience-based (analogical) problem solving
Źródło pierwotne	Deng, J. L. (1982). Control problems of grey systems. Systems & Control Letters, 1(5), 288–294.	Aamodt, A., & Plaza, E. (1994). Case-based reasoning: Foundational issues, methodological variations, and system approaches. AI Communications, 7(1), 39–59.
Inne nazwy	GM(1,1), grey prediction model, grey forecasting, gri tahmin modeli	CBR, case-based reasoning cycle, analogy-based reasoning, vaka tabanlı akıl yürütme
Pokrewne	2	2
Podsumowanie	GM(1,1) is the core forecasting model of grey system theory, introduced by Julong Deng in 1982, designed to predict from very few observations and incomplete information — situations where classical time-series models like ARIMA need far more data. It accumulates the raw series to expose a hidden exponential trend, fits a first-order grey differential equation, and projects future values, making it popular in engineering, energy, and management forecasting with short data records.	Case-based reasoning solves a new problem by retrieving similar problems solved in the past and adapting their solutions, rather than reasoning from first principles or a trained statistical model. Formalized as the Retrieve-Reuse-Revise-Retain cycle by Aamodt and Plaza in 1994 and popularized by Janet Kolodner, CBR mirrors how human experts in medicine, law, and engineering reason by analogy from remembered cases, and it learns simply by storing each newly solved case.