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| Skala Ogólnej Samooceny (GSE)× | Skala Współczucia dla Siebie× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Psychologia społeczna | Psychologia społeczna |
| Rodzina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok powstania≠ | 1995 | 2003 |
| Twórca≠ | Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem | Kristin Neff |
| Typ≠ | Generalized self-efficacy and coping capacity measure | Mindful self-kindness and psychological resilience measure |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: A user's portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35–37). NFER-Nelson. ISBN: 978-0700522286 | Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250. DOI ↗ |
| Inne nazwy≠ | GSE, Schwarzer Self-Efficacy, General Self-Efficacy | SCS, Neff Self-Compassion Scale |
| Pokrewne | 3 | 3 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) is a 10-item measure assessing beliefs in one's ability to handle difficult situations and to cope with challenges through adaptive effort. Developed by Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem in the mid-1990s, the GSE operationalizes self-efficacy as a generalized confidence in one's capacity to manage stressors across diverse situations, rather than task-specific confidence. The scale has become widely used in health psychology, occupational research, and studies examining resilience and adaptive coping. | The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) is a 26-item measure assessing self-compassion—the capacity to relate to oneself with kindness and understanding, rather than harsh self-judgment, in the face of difficulty or failure. Developed by Kristin Neff in 2003, the SCS operationalizes self-compassion as a multidimensional construct involving self-kindness (versus self-criticism), common humanity (versus isolation), and mindfulness (versus over-identification with negative emotions). The instrument has become standard in clinical, positive psychology, and health psychology research examining resilience, well-being, and mental health. |
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