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	Analiza dynamiczno-mechaniczna	GPC/SEC	Pęcznienie i degradacja
Dziedzina	Biomateriały	Biomateriały	Biomateriały
Rodzina	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Rok powstania	1960	1962	1960
Twórca	Ferry and Schwarzl	Moore and Debye	Wichterle and Lim
Typ	Rheological characterization	Chromatographic analysis	Kinetic assay
Źródło pierwotne	Menard, K. P. (2008). Dynamic mechanical analysis: a practical introduction (2nd ed.). CRC Press.	Striegel, A. M., Yau, W. W., Kirkland, J. J., & Bly, D. D. (2009). Modern size-exclusion liquid chromatography: practice and theory. John Wiley & Sons.	Wichterle, O., & Lim, D. (1960). Hydrophilic gels for biological use. Nature, 185(4706), 117-118.
Inne nazwy	DMA, rheological analysis, viscoelastic testing	size exclusion chromatography, molecular weight determination, polymer characterization	hydrogel swelling, polymer degradation, mass loss assay
Pokrewne	3	3	4
Podsumowanie	Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) measures the viscoelastic properties of materials—their elastic stiffness and viscous damping—by applying a sinusoidal stress or strain and measuring the phase lag and amplitude of the material's response. Developed from rheology principles in the 1960s and formalized by Ferry, Schwarzl, and others, DMA provides quantitative measures of how polymeric biomaterials respond to time-dependent and frequency-dependent mechanical stimuli. Key outputs include the storage modulus (elastic component), loss modulus (viscous component), and loss tangent (tan δ), which together characterize the material's mechanical behavior across temperature and frequency ranges.	Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC), is an analytical technique for determining the molecular weight distribution (MWD) and average molecular weight (Mw, Mn) of polymers. The method separates polymer molecules by their hydrodynamic size as they pass through a porous chromatography column: larger molecules elute first (excluded from pores), while smaller molecules are retained longer. Developed by Moore and colleagues in the 1960s, GPC/SEC is now the standard method for characterizing polymer chains, assessing polymer degradation over time, and verifying batch consistency in biomaterial production.	The swelling and degradation assay measures how biomaterial scaffolds absorb water (swelling) and lose mass over time due to degradation. Developed by Wichterle and Lim in 1960 for hydrogels, the assay is fundamental for characterizing hydrogels, synthetic polymers, and composite scaffolds intended for tissue engineering. The assay provides quantitative data on swelling kinetics (equilibrium water content, swelling ratio), degradation kinetics (mass loss rate, half-life), and mechanisms of degradation (chain scission, enzymatic breakdown).