Stochastic Frontier Model
The stochastic frontier model is a parametric method for estimating productive efficiency that separates a producer's shortfall from best practice into two parts: genuine inefficiency and random noise. Introduced independently in 1977 by Aigner, Lovell, and Schmidt and by Meeusen and van den Broeck, it specifies a production (or cost) function with a composed error term — a symmetric disturbance for luck and measurement error plus a one-sided, non-negative term for inefficiency — and estimates it by maximum likelihood, yielding firm-specific efficiency scores that, unlike deterministic methods, are robust to statistical noise.
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- Aigner, D., Lovell, C. A. K., & Schmidt, P. (1977). Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models. Journal of Econometrics, 6(1), 21–37. · DOI 10.1016/0304-4076(77)90052-5
- Meeusen, W., & van den Broeck, J. (1977). Efficiency estimation from Cobb-Douglas production functions with composed error. International Economic Review, 18(2), 435–444. · DOI 10.2307/2525757
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