Bongaarts Proximate Determinants
The Bongaarts framework of the proximate determinants of fertility decomposes a population's fertility into a biological maximum reduced by a small set of directly fertility-inhibiting factors: the proportion of women in sexual unions, contraceptive use, induced abortion, and postpartum infecundability. By expressing observed fertility as total fecundity multiplied by four indices between zero and one, it quantifies how much each behavioural and biological channel suppresses fertility below its potential ceiling.
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- Bongaarts, J. (1978). A framework for analyzing the proximate determinants of fertility. Population and Development Review, 4(1), 105–132. link ↗
- Preston, S. H., Heuveline, P., & Guillot, M. (2001). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Blackwell. ISBN: 9781557864512
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ScholarGate. (2026, June 22). Bongaarts Framework of the Proximate Determinants of Fertility. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/no/demography/bongaarts-proximate-determinants
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- Mean Age at ChildbearingDemografi↔ sammenlign
- Net Reproduction RateDemografi↔ sammenlign
- Tempo-Adjusted FertilityDemografi↔ sammenlign
- Total Fertility RateDemografi↔ sammenlign
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