SEM
Structural equation modeling is a multivariate statistical framework that simultaneously estimates a measurement model — relating observed indicators to latent constructs — and a structural model specifying directional or reciprocal relationships among those constructs. Rooted in the LISREL tradition developed by Karl Jöreskog in the 1970s, SEM is the standard tool for testing complex theoretical models in the social, behavioural, and management sciences.
Rekod sumber
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- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning. · ISBN 978-1473756540
- Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (4th ed.). The Guilford Press. · ISBN 978-1462523344
- Byrne, B. M. (2012). Structural Equation Modeling with Mplus: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming. Routledge. · DOI 10.4324/9780203807644
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