Hierarchical Confirmatory Research
Hierarchical confirmatory research is a quantitative design that tests pre-specified hypotheses about relationships or group differences in data that have a natural nested (hierarchical) structure — such as students clustered within classrooms, patients within hospitals, or employees within organizations. By explicitly modeling the hierarchy, it avoids the inflation of Type I error that occurs when nested data are analyzed as though observations were independent.
Rekod sumber
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- Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods (2nd ed.). Sage. · ISBN 978-0761919049
- Hox, J. J. (2010). Multilevel Analysis: Techniques and Applications (2nd ed.). Routledge. · ISBN 978-1848728462
Tuntutan yang dikurasi
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