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| Model Pembetulan Ralat Vektor (VECM)× | Model ARIMA (Autoregresif Bersepadu Purata Bergerak)× | Regresi Kuasa Dua Terkecil Biasa (OLS)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Ekonometrik | Ekonometrik | Ekonometrik |
| Keluarga | Regression model | Regression model | Regression model |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1987 | 2015 | 2019 |
| Pengasas≠ | Engle & Granger | Box & Jenkins (Box-Jenkins methodology) | Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares |
| Jenis≠ | Multivariate time-series model | Univariate time-series model | Linear regression |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Engle, R. F. & Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251-276. DOI ↗ | Box, G. E. P., Jenkins, G. M., Reinsel, G. C. & Ljung, G. M. (2015). Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control (5th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1118675021 | Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860 |
| Alias≠ | vector error correction model, error correction model, cointegration model, VECM (Vektör Hata Düzeltme Modeli) | Box-Jenkins model, ARIMA(p,d,q), ARIMA Modeli | ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu |
| Berkaitan≠ | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Vector Error Correction Model is a multivariate time-series model for cointegrated series that captures both their short-run dynamics and their long-run equilibrium relationship. It was introduced by Engle and Granger in 1987 as part of the cointegration and error-correction framework. | ARIMA is a univariate time-series forecasting model that combines autoregressive, integrated (differencing), and moving-average components to predict a single continuous series from its own past. It is the centrepiece of the Box-Jenkins methodology set out in Box, Jenkins, Reinsel & Ljung's Time Series Analysis (5th ed., 2015). | Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE). |
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