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| Kaedah Kos Perjalanan× | Kaedah Penilaian Bersyarat× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Ekonomi | Ekonomi |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1949 | 1963 |
| Pengasas≠ | Harold Hotelling | Robert Davis |
| Jenis≠ | Revealed preference recreation demand model | Stated preference valuation method |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Hotelling, H. (1949). An Economic Study of the Monetary Valuation of Recreation in the National Parks. U.S. Department of Interior, National Park Service. link ↗ | Mitchell, R. C., & Carson, R. T. (1989). Using Surveys to Value Public Goods: The Contingent Valuation Method. Resources for the Future. link ↗ |
| Alias | TCM, Recreation Demand Model, Zonal Travel Cost | CVM, Willingness-to-Pay Survey, WTP Elicitation |
| Berkaitan≠ | 2 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Travel Cost Method (TCM), developed by Harold Hotelling in 1949 and formalized by Marion Clawson and Jack Knetsch in the 1960s, is an econometric approach for valuing recreational sites and environmental amenities by inferring value from the travel costs (transportation, time, entry fees) that people incur to visit them. The core principle is that distance traveled and travel costs reveal how much people value a recreation site: those traveling far incur high costs, implying high value. | Contingent Valuation (CVM), developed by Robert Davis in the 1960s, is a survey-based method for estimating the economic value of non-market environmental goods and services—such as wilderness preservation, air quality, or species protection—by directly asking people their willingness to pay (WTP) for specified improvements or willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for losses. It provides a valuation where market prices do not exist. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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