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| Model Aliran Trafik (Model LWR)× | Kaedah Hardy Cross× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Kejuruteraan Awam | Kejuruteraan Awam |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1955 | 1936 |
| Pengasas≠ | M. J. Lighthill and G. B. Whitham | Hardy Cross |
| Jenis≠ | Macroscopic traffic flow modeling using conservation laws | Iterative method for pipe network flow distribution |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Lighthill, M. J., & Whitham, G. B. (1955). On kinematic waves I. Flow movement in long rivers. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 229(1178), 281-316. DOI ↗ | Cross, H. (1936). Analysis of flow in networks of conduits or conductors. University of Illinois Bulletin, 34(17), 3-29. link ↗ |
| Alias | LWR model, Traffic wave, Kinematic wave theory | Cross method, Moment distribution method, Iterative balancing |
| Berkaitan | 3 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) model is a macroscopic traffic flow model that treats traffic as a compressible fluid, applying conservation of vehicles and a flow-density relationship. Introduced independently by Lighthill and Whitham (1955) and Richards (1956), the model predicts traffic wave propagation, congestion formation, and bottleneck behavior on highways. | The Hardy Cross method is an iterative technique for solving steady-state flow distribution in pipe networks, originally developed for water distribution systems. Introduced by Hardy Cross in 1936, this method balances flow continuity and pressure head constraints through successive iterations, making it ideal for hand calculations and gaining physical insight into network behavior. |
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