Bandingkan kaedah

	Formulasi Dispersi Pepejal	Ujian Kebolehtelapan Sel Caco-2	Penghantaran Ubat Liposom
Bidang	Farmakologi	Farmakologi	Farmakologi
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1971	1989	1965
Pengasas	William Chiou and Solomon Riegelman	Ingrid Hidalgo	Alec Bangham
Jenis	solubility enhancement	absorption screening	formulation technology
Sumber perintis	Chiou, W. L., Riegelman, S. (1971). Pharmaceutical applications of solid dispersions. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 60(9), 1281-1302.	Hidalgo, I. J., Raub, T. J., & Borchardt, R. T. (1989). Characterization of the human colon carcinoma cell line (Caco-2) as a model system for intestinal epithelial permeability. Gastroenterology, 96(3), 736-749.	Bangham, A. D., Standish, M. M., & Watkins, J. C. (1965). Diffusion of univalent ions across the lamellae of swollen phospholipid films and the determination of membrane potential. Journal of Molecular Biology, 13(1), 238-252.
Alias	solid solution, amorphous dispersion, polymer-based formulation	Caco-2 assay, intestinal permeability, ADME screening	liposomal formulation, vesicular delivery, lipid nanoparticles
Berkaitan	3	3	3
Ringkasan	Solid dispersion is a formulation technique where a poorly soluble drug is molecularly dispersed in a hydrophilic polymer matrix, improving aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Introduced by Chiou and Riegelman in 1971, solid dispersions remain a key strategy for overcoming solubility-limited absorption.	The Caco-2 assay is an in vitro model system using human colon carcinoma cell monolayers to screen drug intestinal permeability. Developed by Hidalgo and colleagues in 1989, Caco-2 cells differentiate into an epithelial barrier resembling intestinal mucosa, enabling rapid assessment of drug absorption potential and identification of transporter-mediated transport.	Liposomal encapsulation is a formulation technique using lipid bilayer vesicles (liposomes) to enclose drugs, improving bioavailability, reducing toxicity, and enabling targeted delivery. Developed by Alec Bangham in 1965, liposomes are now standard in pharmaceutical development, with several FDA-approved liposomal drugs on the market.