Bandingkan kaedah

	Metodologi Sistem Lembut (SSM)	Pendekatan Pilihan Strategik
Bidang	Penstrukturan Masalah	Penstrukturan Masalah
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1981	2005
Pengasas	Peter Checkland	John Friend & Allen Hickling
Jenis	Interpretive problem-structuring methodology	Iterative group-based problem structuring and decision process
Sumber perintis	Checkland, P. (1981). Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-471-27911-2	Friend, J., & Hickling, A. (2005). Planning Under Pressure: The Strategic Choice Approach (3rd ed.). Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0-7506-6373-2
Alias	SSM, Checkland's SSM, Soft Systems Analysis, Yumuşak Sistemler Metodolojisi	SCA, Planning Under Pressure, Stratejik Seçim Yaklaşımı, Interactive Strategic Planning
Berkaitan	3	2
Ringkasan	Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) is an interpretive, action-research approach for structuring and managing complex, ill-defined ('soft') problem situations involving human activity. Developed by Peter Checkland at Lancaster University throughout the 1970s and formally presented in 1981, SSM guides practitioners through iterative cycles of inquiry that move from an unstructured problem situation to purposeful action through structured learning rather than optimization.	The Strategic Choice Approach (SCA) is an interactive, workshop-based problem structuring method developed by John Friend and Allen Hickling, first published in 1987 and refined in the definitive third edition of Planning Under Pressure (2005). SCA helps groups of planners and stakeholders manage interconnected decisions under uncertainty by explicitly mapping decision areas, option combinations, and sources of uncertainty before committing to action.