Bandingkan kaedah

	Model ARMA Teguh	Model Purata Bergerak (MA) Teguh
Bidang	Ekonometrik	Ekonometrik
Keluarga	Regression model	Regression model
Tahun asal	1986	1979–2009
Pengasas	Martin & Yohai (1986); broader robust time series literature	Denby & Martin (1979); Muler, Pena & Yohai (2009)
Jenis	Robust time series model	Robust time series model
Sumber perintis	Franses, P. H., & Ghijsels, H. (1999). Additive outliers, GARCH and forecasting volatility. International Journal of Forecasting, 15(1), 1-9.	Denby, L., & Martin, R. D. (1979). Robust estimation of the first-order autoregressive parameter. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(365), 140–146.
Alias	robust ARMA, outlier-robust ARMA, M-estimator ARMA, resistant ARMA estimation	robust MA, robust moving average, M-estimation MA, bounded-influence MA
Berkaitan	5	6
Ringkasan	The Robust ARMA model extends the classical Autoregressive Moving Average framework by replacing the sensitive least-squares loss with outlier-resistant estimation methods — typically M-estimators or median-based approaches. This protects coefficient estimates and forecasts from being distorted by additive outliers, level shifts, or innovational outliers that are common in economic and financial time series.	The Robust MA model applies robust estimation — typically M-estimation or bounded-influence methods — to the Moving Average time series model. By replacing the ordinary least squares loss with a bounded loss function, it produces parameter estimates that are far less sensitive to outliers, additive noise spikes, or heavy-tailed error distributions than the classical Gaussian MA.