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| Skala Keperibadian Proaktif (PPS)× | Soal Selidik Niat Keusahawanan× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Gelagat Organisasi | Gelagat Organisasi |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1993 | 2009 |
| Pengasas≠ | Thomas S. Bateman | Francisco Liñán |
| Jenis | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Bateman, T. S., & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 103–118. DOI ↗ | Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and cross-cultural validation of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 7(3), 238–259. link ↗ |
| Alias≠ | PPS, Bateman Crant Scale, Proactivity | EIQ, Liñán Intention Scale |
| Berkaitan | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Proactive Personality Scale (PPS) measures individual differences in the inclination to take action to shape one's environment and future. Developed by Bateman and Crant in 1993, it quantifies the stable tendency to anticipate and initiate change rather than react passively. The scale predicts career advancement, entrepreneurial intent, and organizational citizenship behaviors, making it valuable in selection, development, and research contexts. | The Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ) is a 6-item self-report instrument designed to measure an individual's intention to start a new business. Developed by Liñán and Chen in 2009, it is grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior and has become widely used across entrepreneurship research and education. The scale captures readiness and commitment to pursuing entrepreneurial ventures. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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