Bandingkan kaedah

	Pemodelan Medan Fasa	Penapisan Rietveld XRD
Bidang	Sains Bahan	Sains Bahan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1958	1969
Pengasas	John W. Cahn	Hugo Rietveld
Jenis	Simulation method	Refinement method
Sumber perintis	Cahn, J. W. (1958). Free energy of a nonuniform system: Interfacial free energy. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 28(2), 258-267.	Rietveld, H. M. (1969). A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 2(2), 65-71.
Alias	phase-field method, diffuse interface method	Rietveld refinement, powder diffraction refinement
Berkaitan	3	3
Ringkasan	Phase-Field Modeling (PFM) is a continuum computational method for simulating microstructure evolution, phase transitions, and interfacial dynamics without explicitly tracking moving boundaries. Developed from Cahn-Ginzburg-Landau theory in the 1950s, PFM represents distinct phases through continuous order parameters that vary smoothly over diffuse interfaces. This approach elegantly handles topological changes (nucleation, coalescence, pinch-off), complex interface geometries, and strongly coupled multiphysics. It is the dominant method for studying dendritic growth, spinodal decomposition, grain evolution, and reactive transport in materials science.	XRD Rietveld Refinement is a method for extracting detailed crystal structure information from powder diffraction data by comparing observed and calculated diffraction patterns through least-squares refinement. Developed by Hugo Rietveld in 1969, this technique enables determination of atomic positions, occupancies, thermal parameters, and phase fractions directly from powder data without requiring single crystals. It is the standard approach in materials characterization for structural analysis, phase identification, and quantification.