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| Model Data Panel Dinamik× | Penganggar GMM Arellano-Bond× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Ekonometrik | Ekonometrik |
| Keluarga | Regression model | Regression model |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1991–1998 | 1991 |
| Pengasas≠ | Arellano & Bond (1991); Blundell & Bond (1998) | Manuel Arellano and Stephen Bond |
| Jenis≠ | Dynamic panel regression | GMM estimator for dynamic panel data |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277–297. DOI ↗ | Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | dynamic panel model, lagged dependent variable panel model, Arellano-Bond type dynamic panel, GMM dynamic panel | AB-GMM, Difference GMM, first-difference GMM, Arellano-Bond estimator |
| Berkaitan | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The dynamic panel data model extends standard panel regression by including one or more lagged values of the outcome variable as regressors. Because past outcomes directly predict current outcomes, the model captures persistence and adjustment dynamics — but it also introduces a correlation between the lagged dependent variable and the individual fixed effect, rendering OLS and standard fixed-effects estimators inconsistent. GMM-based approaches developed by Arellano-Bond and Blundell-Bond resolve this problem. | The Arellano-Bond GMM estimator is the standard approach for dynamic panel data models in which the lagged dependent variable appears as a regressor. By first-differencing to remove fixed effects and using deeper lags as instruments, it yields consistent estimates even when the error is serially correlated and regressors are endogenous. |
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