Bandingkan kaedah

	Pencocokan Tepat yang Dikasar untuk Data Panel	Padanan Skor Kecenderungan
Bidang	Inferens Kausal	Statistik Penyelidikan
Keluarga	Regression model	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	2012 (CEM); 2021 (panel extension)	1983
Pengasas	Iacus, King & Porro (CEM, 2012); panel extension via Imai, Kim & Wang (2021)	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
Jenis	Matching / quasi-experimental	Method
Sumber perintis	Iacus, S. M., King, G., & Porro, G. (2012). Causal Inference without Balance Checking: Coarsened Exact Matching. Political Analysis, 20(1), 1-24.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
Alias	Panel CEM, CEM for panel data, coarsened exact matching with panel data	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
Berkaitan	6	3
Ringkasan	Panel Data Coarsened Exact Matching applies the Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) algorithm to repeated-measures panel data, matching treated and control units within the same coarsened covariate strata across multiple time periods. It balances pre-treatment characteristics before estimating a causal treatment effect, combining the transparency of exact matching with the richer identification available in longitudinal datasets.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.