Bandingkan kaedah

	NEO Personality Inventory	Skala Triad Gelap
Bidang	Psikologi Sosial	Psikologi Sosial
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1992	2002
Pengasas	Paul Costa and Robert McCrae	Delroy Paulhus and Kevin Williams
Jenis	Self-report personality questionnaire	Dark personality traits measurement
Sumber perintis	Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources.	Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556–563.
Alias	NEO PI-R, Costa and McCrae Personality Inventory	DTPS, Dirty Dozen, Short Dark Triad, SD3
Berkaitan	3	3
Ringkasan	The NEO PI-R is a comprehensive 240-item self-report personality assessment that measures five major personality dimensions and thirty lower-order facets. Developed by Paul Costa and Robert McCrae in the early 1990s, it operationalizes the Five-Factor Model of personality—one of the most empirically validated trait taxonomies in psychological science. The measure has become the gold standard for personality assessment in clinical, research, and occupational settings.	The Dark Triad Personality Scale measures three socially aversive personality traits: narcissism (entitlement and exploitativeness), Machiavellianism (manipulativeness and strategic lying), and psychopathy (callousness and thrill-seeking). Developed by Delroy Paulhus and Kevin Williams in 2002, and later operationalized in brief forms like the Short Dark Triad (SD3) by Jones and Paulhus in 2014, the Dark Triad construct has become standard in personality psychology for assessing antagonistic, self-centered, and deceitful traits. The scale enables research on personality pathology, workplace toxicity, and evolutionary psychology.