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	Peringkasan Teks Multilingual	Penyematan Ayat
Bidang	Pembelajaran Mendalam	Pembelajaran Mendalam
Keluarga	Machine learning	Machine learning
Tahun asal	2020–2021	2015–2019
Pengasas	Multiple groups; popularized via mBART (Liu et al., 2020) and mT5 (Xue et al., 2021)	Kiros et al. (Skip-Thought, 2015); Reimers & Gurevych (Sentence-BERT, 2019)
Jenis	Seq2seq / encoder-decoder fine-tuning for summarization across languages	Representation learning / embedding
Sumber perintis	Xue, L., Constant, N., Roberts, A., Kale, M., Al-Rfou, R., Siddhant, A., Barua, A., & Raffel, C. (2021). mT5: A Massively Multilingual Pre-Trained Text-to-Text Transformer. Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2021, pp. 483–498. Association for Computational Linguistics.	Reimers, N., & Gurevych, I. (2019). Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 3980–3990.
Alias	cross-lingual summarization, multilingual abstractive summarization, multilingual extractive summarization, multilingual seq2seq summarization	sentence vectors, sentence representations, SBERT, semantic sentence encoding
Berkaitan	4	4
Ringkasan	Multilingual text summarization applies pre-trained multilingual encoder-decoder models — such as mT5 or mBART — to generate concise summaries of documents written in many languages, either within the same language (monolingual) or across languages (cross-lingual). Fine-tuning these models on multilingual summarization benchmarks like XL-Sum enables coverage of dozens of languages with a single model.	Sentence Embeddings convert a sentence or short text into a single fixed-length dense vector that captures its semantic meaning. These vectors allow downstream tasks — semantic similarity, clustering, retrieval, and classification — to operate on numerical representations instead of raw text, making them one of the most versatile building blocks in modern NLP pipelines.