Bandingkan kaedah

	Penjana Padanan Pelbagai Tempoh	Padanan Skor Kecenderungan
Bidang	Inferens Kausal	Statistik Penyelidikan
Keluarga	Regression model	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	2005	1983
Pengasas	Abadie (2005); Imbens & Wooldridge (2009)	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
Jenis	Quasi-experimental / causal inference	Method
Sumber perintis	Abadie, A. (2005). Semiparametric Difference-in-Differences Estimators. Review of Economic Studies, 72(1), 1-19.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
Alias	panel matching estimator, longitudinal matching, multi-wave matching, repeated-cross-section matching	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
Berkaitan	6	3
Ringkasan	The multi-period matching estimator extends the standard matching framework to settings with multiple time periods, pairing each treated unit to similar untreated units based on pre-treatment covariates or propensity scores, then using within-pair before-after differences to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT). Leveraging repeated observations, it simultaneously controls for observed confounders and time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.